The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) inserts a copy of its DNA into human immune cells as a component of its life cycle. HIV latency is the term used to describe the long-lasting inert, latent condition that some of these newly infected immune cells might enter.
When HIV patients get antiviral medication (ART), their viral levels are reduced to the point that a conventional blood test cannot detect the virus. However, once ART is discontinued, detectable HIV resurfaces, infecting new cells. The cells that release the virus to re-ignite the infection