Notably, Washington DC accused China of secretly conducting a "yield-producing nuclear test" in 2020. This is despite Beijing claiming a moratorium on such activities and being a signatory to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), even though it never ratified it.
China’s nuclear expansion was set in the context of its wider geostrategic ambitions – as articulated in Xi Jinping’s stated goals and ideological motivation – by former British diplomat and Associate of the Council on Geostrategy, Matthew Henderson. He identified core issues raised by China