Italian Anti-Mafia Commission is also carrying out an investigation regarding China's overseas police stations, Chinese truck cases, and underground banks.
In September 2022, Spain-based human rights group Safeguard first reported about Chinese Overseas Police Stations (COPS) operating across five continents. There are reportedly around 102 such stations operating in 53 countries, Inside Over reported. They function through informal locations i
Madrid-based human rights organization, Safeguard Defenders, in its 21-page report, titled "110 Overseas - Chinese TransNational Policing Gone Wild" has revealed the presence of dozens of Chinese police "service stations" in major cities around the world.
Earlier in September, Madrid-based group Safeguard Defenders' reported about the Chinese police's expanding global policing toolkit after examining a seemingly recent campaign to counter transnational telecom and online fraud by several provinces in China.