Glioblastoma, the most prevalent and lethal type of brain cancer, spreads quickly, invading and destroying healthy brain tissue. The tumour shoots malignant tendrils into the brain, making surgical removal of the tumour extremely difficult or impossible.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as Keytruda and Opdivo work by unleashing the immune system's T cells to attack tumour cells. Their introduction a decade ago marked a major advance in cancer therapy, but only 10 per cent to 30 per cent of treated patients experience long-term improvement.