Mechanical Thrombectomy can increase treatment window for some stroke patients to upto 24 hours

New Delhi [India], November 2 (ANI/NewsVoir): The year 2020 has been nothing short of a nightmare for people across the world. While on one end, it brought the fear of death in the absence of a vaccine to cure the coronavirus, it severely dented economies around the world, with strict lockdowns being implemented globally.
The story in India has not been very different. Infact, being one of the few countries that continued to persist with strict lockdown restrictions, which were only recently relaxed to a large extent, COVID-19 ensured stress levels of not just the working class but a vast majority of the population were racing pretty fast, with anxiety and signs of depression coming out strongly amongst many.
Stress. Anxiety. Depression. These are illnesses which have the potential to escalate into far more serious health concerns, but rarely get the kind of attention compared to chronic disease such as Cancer, COPD, Diabetes, Heart ailments, et.al.
The reason why COVID-19 got and continues to get the attention even today is because it has already claimed the lives of more than 1.17 million worldwide, around 121,000 people in India alone and, it will continue to impact the society at large, denting world economies until a vaccine is developed and released.
Contrary to this, NCDs such as Stroke, which will likely take lives of six-times as many people as COVID-19, are hardly talked about and continue to remain unaddressed.
According to the Global Burden of Disease study, India reported 1.29mn new cases of Stroke annually, a 30 per cent increase since 2014.
Moreover, stroke is also the third largest cause of deaths and disability in India, according to the study which was recently released. Out of the 1.29mn cases, the most common type of stroke is the Ischemic Stroke, accounting for almost 87 per cent of all strokes in India, and is caused by a clot or other blockage within an artery in the brain.
Rest 13 per cent of strokes are Hemorrhagic Strokes which are caused by bleeding of an aneurysm in the brain artery. Medical experts and doctors largely attribute the high prevalence and morbidity rates to the lack of awareness amongst the general population along with limited exposure and knowledge about new technologies like Mechanical Thrombectomy to reduce the morbidity rates.
"Stroke is a major epidemic which is compounded by the prevalent COVID-19 pandemic. The incidence of stroke is higher in Covid patients and early detection and treatment at a stroke ready centre is the best way to deal with it," said Dr Gaurav Goel, Director & Head of Neurointervention Surgery at Medanta, Gurgaon.
One of the most critical factors to consider for treatment is the time taken to get the affected person to a hospital. Although the treatment window for the most prevalent IVtPA therapy is 3.5 hours, the average time taken by a patient to reach a hospital in urban areas is 7.6 hours and that in rural areas is 34 hours. Moreover, the absence of standard treatment protocols and the lack of affordable treatment adds to the burden.
Delay in seeking the right treatment leads to loss of about 20 lakh brain cells per minute. This is where advanced technologies and medical procedures such as Mechanical Thrombectomy have displayed proven results and higher success rates. Not only does it increase the treatment window to upto 24 hours, the success rates are considered to be one of the best in medical procedures across different diseases with a number needed to treat of 2.6.
Mechanical Thrombectomy is a type of minimally-invasive procedure in which specialized medical devices such as stent retrievers and catheters are used to remove a clot from a patient's artery in the brain. Using CathLab guidance, the doctor guides these devices through the patient's arteries to the clot, extracting the clot.
However, the biggest challenge that the country faces today with respect to mechanical thrombectomy is the slow adoption of the technology. It is then, not so surprising, that only 10 per cent of the 11000 patients treated for Acute Ischemic stroke in India received Mechanical Thrombectomy as a treatment option.
"Stroke number is rising in India, particularly in younger population. Lifestyle changes including smoking, alcohol, lack of exercise, dietary habits, increasing screen time and stress are common reasons adding to the risk among this age group," said Dr Vipul Gupta, Director - Neurointerventional Surgery at Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon, while speaking about mechanical thrombectomy.
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